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简介

  在该项目中，我们提供了集群监控、硬盘故障预测的实现，甲方进一步提出要能在预测出故障后方便地进行磁盘数据转移。由于之前没研究过数据迁移和故障恢复，所以只能从头慢慢摸索。目前的大致思路就是：将源硬盘（快故障的硬盘）的数据进行压缩；将目的硬盘（正常硬盘）格式化并进行分区；在源节点与目的节点之间进行“点对点”的数据传输；最后在目的硬盘上恢复数据。项目地址在这里。

  目前仅在 Windows 系统上进行了实现，Linux 系统上由于 dd 、scp 等命令的存在，可能实现起来更加简单。

实现步骤

一、在 Java 程序中调用 Windows 系统命令

• 执行系统命令

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  // ExeCmd.java public static void executeCmd(String command[], String path, StringBuilder infoList, StringBuilder errorList) { Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime(); // 每个 Java 应用程序都有一个 Runtime 类的单例，它允许应用程序与应用程序运行的环境进行交互 Process process = null; // 在单独的进程中执行指定的命令和参数。 try { if (path == null) process = runtime.exec(command); else process = runtime.exec(command, null, new File(path)); InputStream info = process.getInputStream(); InputStream err = process.getErrorStream(); new Thread(new InputStreamThread(info, infoList)).start(); // 获取执行结果 new Thread(new InputStreamThread(err, errorList)).start(); // 获取错误信息 process.waitFor(); // 等待所有子线程执行完毕 } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("[executeCmd][命令执行错误][cmd :{}{}]error info: {}", path, Arrays.toString(command), e.toString()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { logger.error("[executeCmd][命令中断][cmd :{}{}]error info: {}", path, Arrays.toString(command), e.toString()); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { process.getOutputStream().close(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("[executeCmd]error info: {}", e.toString()); } } }

• 获取返回信息

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  static class InputStreamThread implements Runnable { private BufferedReader bufferedReader = null; private InputStream inputStream = null; private StringBuilder info = null; // 通过 StringBuilder 捕获打印信息，也可以用其他方式 public InputStreamThread(InputStream inputStream, StringBuilder info) { this.inputStream = inputStream; this.info = info; this.bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream)); } @Override public void run() { String line = null; try { while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { if (info != null) info.append(line); logger.info("[executeCmd]info: {}", line); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("[executeCmd]error: {}", e.toString()); } finally { try { inputStream.close(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("[executeCmd]error: {}", e.toString()); } } } }

  executeCmd() 在后面会经常用到。

二、通过 PowerShell 的 Get-WmiObject 命令获取硬盘信息

• 什么是 Wmi

  ​ WMI就是 Windows Management Instrumentation（Windows 管理规范）。它是 Windows 中的一个核心管理技术。WMI 为访问大量的 Windows 管理数据和方法的提供了一个统一的机制。WMI通过脚本、C++程序接口、.NET类（系统管理）和命令行工具（WMIC）提供了对这个信息的访问。WMI的功能还包括事件、远程、查询、查看、计划和实施用户扩展及更多内容。

  例如保存硬盘分区信息的 Wmi 类如下：（详细可查询）

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  class Win32_DiskPartition : CIM_DiskPartition { unit16 AdditionalAvailability; uint16 Availability; uint16 PowerManagementCapabilities[]; string IdentifyingDescriptions[1]; uint64 MaxQuiesceTime; uint64 OtherIdentifyingInfo; uint16 StatusInfo; uint64 PowerOnHours; uint64 TotalPowerOnHours; uint16 Access; uint64 BlockSize; boolean Bootable; boolean BootPartition; string. Caption; uint32 ConfigManagerErrorCode; boolean ConfigManagerUserConfig; string. CreationClassName; string Description; string DeviceID; uint32 DiskIndex; boolean ErrorCleared; string ErrorDescription; string ErrorMethodology; uint32 HiddenSectors; uint32 Index; datetime InstallDate; uint32 LastErrorCode; string Name; uint64 NumberOfBlocks; string PNPDeviceID; boolean PowerManagementSupported; boolean PrimaryPartition; string Purpose; boolean RewritePartition; uint64 Size; uint64 StartingOffset; string Status; string SystemCreationClassName; string SystemName; string Type; };

• 通过 PowerShell 命令获取Wmi信息

  这里要使用到的命令为 Get-WmiObject，命令格式为：

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  Get-WmiObject [-Class] <String> [[-Property] <String[]>] [-Filter <String>] [-Amended] [-DirectRead] [-AsJob] [-Impersonation <ImpersonationLevel>] [-Authentication <AuthenticationLevel>] [-Locale <String>] [-EnableAllPrivileges] [-Authority <String>] [-Credential <PSCredential>] [-ThrottleLimit <Int32>] [-ComputerName <String[]>] [-Namespace <String>] [<CommonParameters>]

  我自己封装的获取硬盘信息的工具类如下：

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  public class CIMWin32_WMI { private final static String disk_info = "Index, SerialNumber, DeviceID, Caption, Size"; private final static String wql_disk_info = String.format("SELECT %s FROM Win32_DiskDrive", disk_info); private final static String filter_disk_info = "Index, SerialNumber, DeviceID, Caption, Size"; private final static String GET_DISK_INFO = String.format("Get-WmiObject -Query '%s' | Select-Object %s | ConvertTo-Json", wql_disk_info, filter_disk_info); private final static String partition_info = "DiskIndex, DeviceID, Type, Bootable, BootPartition, PrimaryPartition"; private final static String wql_partition_info = String.format("SELECT %s FROM Win32_DiskPartition", partition_info); private final static String filter_partition_info = "DiskIndex, DeviceID, @{Name='Type'; Expression={if ($_.Type.StartsWith('GPT')){'GPT'}else{'MBR'}}}, Bootable, BootPartition, PrimaryPartition"; private final static String GET_PARTITION_INFO = String.format("Get-WmiObject -Query '%s' | Select-Object %s | ConvertTo-Json", wql_partition_info, filter_partition_info); private final static String logical_disk_info = "Caption, Name, DeviceID, FileSystem, Size, FreeSpace"; private final static String wql_logical_disk_info = String.format("SELECT %s FROM Win32_LogicalDisk", logical_disk_info); private final static String filter_logical_disk_info = "Caption, Name, DeviceID, FileSystem, Size, FreeSpace"; private final static String GET_LOGICAL_DISK_INFO = String.format("Get-WmiObject -Query '%s' | Select-Object %s | ConvertTo-Json", wql_logical_disk_info, filter_logical_disk_info); private final static String ldisk_to_partition_info = "Antecedent, Dependent"; private final static String wql_ldisk_to_partition_info = String.format("SELECT %s FROM Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition", ldisk_to_partition_info); private final static String filter_ldisk_to_partition_info = "Antecedent, Dependent"; private final static String GET_lDISK_TO_PARTITION_INFO = String.format("Get-WmiObject -Query '%s' | Select-Object %s | ConvertTo-Json", wql_ldisk_to_partition_info, filter_ldisk_to_partition_info); /** * @name: * @desc: 获取原始硬盘信息并以JSON格式返回 * @param {*} * @return {*} */ public static JSONArray getDiskInfo() { JSONArray diskInfo = execWMI(GET_DISK_INFO); JSONArray partitionInfo = execWMI(GET_PARTITION_INFO); JSONArray logicalDiskInfo = execWMI(GET_LOGICAL_DISK_INFO); JSONArray ldiskToPartitionInfo = execWMI(GET_lDISK_TO_PARTITION_INFO); // 首先关联逻辑硬盘与分区信息 ldiskToPartitionInfo.forEach(jsonObject -> { JSONObject relate = (JSONObject) jsonObject; String partitionDeviceId = relate.getString("Antecedent").split("=")[1].replace("\\", "").replace("\"", ""); String logicalDiskDeviceId = relate.getString("Dependent").split("=")[1].replace("\\", "").replace("\"", ""); partitionInfo.stream().anyMatch(jsonObject1 -> { JSONObject partition = (JSONObject) jsonObject1; if (partitionDeviceId.equalsIgnoreCase(partition.getString("DeviceID"))) { logicalDiskInfo.stream().anyMatch(jsonObject2 -> { JSONObject logical = (JSONObject) jsonObject2; if (logicalDiskDeviceId.equalsIgnoreCase(logical.getString("DeviceID"))) { logical.put("DiskIndex", partition.getIntValue("DiskIndex")); logical.put("Type", partition.getString("Type")); logical.put("BootPartition", partition.getBooleanValue("BootPartition")); logical.put("Bootable", partition.getBooleanValue("Bootable")); logical.put("PrimaryPartition", partition.getBooleanValue("PrimaryPartition")); return true; } else { return false; } }); return true; } else { return false; } }); }); // 最后关联物理硬盘与逻辑硬盘 diskInfo.forEach(jsonObject -> { JSONObject disk = (JSONObject) jsonObject; disk.put("Logical_Disks", new JSONArray()); logicalDiskInfo.forEach(jsonObject1 -> { JSONObject logical = (JSONObject) jsonObject1; if (logical.containsKey("DiskIndex") && disk.getIntValue("Index") == logical.getIntValue("DiskIndex")){ disk.put("Type", logical.getString("Type")); disk.getJSONArray("Logical_Disks").add(logical); } }); }); return diskInfo; } /** * @name: * @desc: 执行命令获取原始硬盘信息 * @param {String} cmd * @return {*} */ private static JSONArray execWMI(String cmd) { StringBuilder info = new StringBuilder(); ExeCmd.executeCmd(new String[] {"powershell", cmd}, null, info, null); Object object = JSON.parse(info.toString()); JSONArray res = null; if (object instanceof JSONObject) { res = new JSONArray(); res.add(object); } else if (object instanceof JSONArray) { res = (JSONArray)object; } else { System.out.println("未知类型"); } return res; } }

  至此，我们已经能获取到硬盘的基本信息了，在后续的工作中，需要基于这些信息进行硬盘数据转移工作，包括硬盘分区、数据传输、数据恢复等，后续文章会一一介绍。